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References

References and website links:

{1} M. Lotfi, M. Nejib and M. Naceur, 27/03/2013, Cell Adhesion to Biomaterials: Concept of Biocompatibility, IntechOpen, accessed 12/01/2022  Cell Adhesion to Biomaterials: Concept of Biocompatibility | IntechOpen

{2} Themis R. Kyriakides, 2015, Host Response to Biomaterials, ScienceDirect, accessed 12/01/2022  Hydrophilic Surface - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

{3} Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al, 2002, Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition, NCBI, accessed 13/01/2022  Cell-Cell Adhesion - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)

{4} Khan Academy, Cell-cell interactions: How cells communicate with each other, Khan Academy, accessed 14/01/2022  Cell-cell interactions: How cells communicate with each other (article) | Khan Academy

{5} Saloni Hombalkar, 13/11/2021, Cell To Cell Communication: How And Why Do Cells Communicate With Each Other?, ScienceABC, accessed 14/01/2022  Cell Communication: How And Why Do Cells Communicate With Each Other? (scienceabc.com)

{6} Fergal J. O'Brien, 05/03/2011, Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering, ScienceDirect, accessed 14/01/2022  Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering - ScienceDirect

{7} Veereshgouda Naragund, 01/09/2014, Biocompatibility, slideshare, accessed 16/01/2022  Biocompatibility (slideshare.net)

{8} MONIB, 25/04/2020, Orthopedic implants, MONIB, accessed 16/01/2022  What You Should Know About Titanium Orthopedic Implants (monib-health.com)

{9} Health Team, Is silver a toxic heavy metal?, Natural Health Group, accessed 16/01/2022  Is silver a toxic heavy metal? The dangers of silver toxicity (naturalhealthgroup.com.au)

{10} Liisa T. Kuhn, 2012, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (Third Edition), ScienceDirect, accessed 17/01/2022  Biomaterial - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

{11} British Heart Foundation, How do stents work?, accessed 17/01/2022  How do stents work? | BHF

Picture references:

[1] Ella Brown, 04/09/2019

[2] Wikipedia, Cannula, accessed 12/01/2022  Cannula - Wikipedia

[3] Indivenire, Biomaterials , accessed 12/01/2022  Biomaterials - R&D - Outsourced Research and Development - Indivenire

[4] Shoeby, Desmosome Junction, clipartkey, accessed 14/01/2022  Desmosome Junction , Free Transparent Clipart - ClipartKey

[5] slideshare, 02/02/2012, Celljunctions, accessed 14/01/2022  Celljunctions 111109083525-phpapp02-1 (slideshare.net)

[6] Anon, 25/05/2020, Adherens Junctions, Medicine LibreTexts, accessed 14/01/2022  5.2B: Adherens Junctions - Medicine LibreTexts

[7] MBINFO Defining Mechanobiology, What are mature focal adhesions composed of?, accessed 14/01/2022  What are mature focal adhesions composed of? | MBInfo (mechanobio.info)

[8] Fergal J. O'Brien, 05/03/2011, Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering, ScienceDirect, accessed 14/01/2022  Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering - ScienceDirect

[9] Mr. McGee, 2016, 9AP Chapter 11 - Cell Communication (basic), Quia, accessed 15/01/2022  Quia - 9AP Chapter 11 - Cell Communication (basic)

[10] Saloni Hombalkar, 13/11/2021, Cell To Cell Communication: How And Why Do Cells Communicate With Each Other?, ScienceABC, accessed 15/01/2022  Cell Communication: How And Why Do Cells Communicate With Each Other? (scienceabc.com)

[11] Zeeshan Sheikh, 11/2015, Mechanisms of in Vivo Degradation and Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Based Biomaterials, ResearchGate, accessed 15/01/2022  Macrophage response to biomaterials depending on the size of the... | Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)

[12] Jochen Utikal, 01/12/2006, Management of cutaneous type IV hypersensitivity reactions induced by heparin, ResearchGate, accessed 16/01/2022  Figure4:Example of testresults from intracutaneous testing of heparin... | Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)

[13] Vinita Mehrotra, 29/03/2012, Biomaterials, SlideServe, accessed 16/01/2022  PPT - Biomaterials PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:322589 (slideserve.com)

[14] Ella Brown, 19/09/2018

[15] Kateryna Kon, 24/09/2018, Macrophage Engulfing Tuberculosis Bacteria, px PIXELS, accessed 17/01/2022  Macrophage Engulfing Tuberculosis Bacteria Photograph by Kateryna Kon/science Photo Library (pixels.com)

[16] British Heart Foundation, How do stents work?, accessed 17/01/2022  How do stents work? | BHF

About  
 

This website answers the 5 main questions asked about Biomaterials.

  • How do cells adhere to materials and what components of the cell structure support this adhesion and subsequent behavior?

  • How do cells communicate to other cells following the implantation of a material?

  • How are biomaterials tested prior to implantation (include examples of assays, what they measure and why these are important)?

  • What adverse effects have been reported following biomaterial implantation and how they can be avoided/mitigated?

  • How does the immune system contribute to the body's response to a material and how do materials interact with the blood?

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